The potential gradient, or the difference between the high and low concentration of electrons, represents the voltage and may vary depending on the electrical source. The flow of electrons through a conductive material, down a potential gradient from high to low concentration, generates electricity. In these cases, an entrance and exit site are usually found. Lightning injuries, involving extremely short but very high voltage electrical energy, are associated with an electrical current flowing through the individual’s entire body. True electrical injuries involve an individual becoming part of an electrical circuit. Flame injuries occur when an arc flash ignites an individual’s clothing, and electrical current may or may not pass the skin in these cases. Flash injuries, caused by an arc flash, are typically associated with superficial burns, as no electrical current travels past the skin. There are four main types of electrical injuries: flash, flame, lightning, and true. If not instantly fatal, the damage associated with electrical injuries can result in the dysfunction of multiple tissues or organs.
Almost all electrical injuries are accidental and often, preventable.
Electrical injuries, a relatively common form of mechanical trauma, can occur as a result of lightning, low-voltage, or high-voltage injury, and are often associated with high morbidity and mortality.
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